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Surgical procedures in Sushruta-Samhita: A conceptual study
SURGICAL PROCEDURES IN SUSHRUTA SAMHITA- A CONCEPTUAL STUDY
Introduction:
Ayurveda is the ancient system of medicine which originated thousands of years back, is the only discipline that promises to be fully secular and contains clear potential of modern
understanding of natural science. Ayurveda is considered to be the first medical record of ancient knowledge and civilization in the world. Ayurveda specialized into 8 branches, out of which shalya tantra represents surgical treatment. The Sushruta Samhita is an ayurvedic text by legendary Sushruta foundational to ayurvedic medicine, with innovative chapters mainly on surgery. Sushruta was primarily a surgeon and recognized as the ‘Father of Surgery’ in the world. He mentioned various surgical procedures, out of which some examples of surgical techniques performed by him are narrated in brief here.
Aim:
To review the various surgical concepts of Sushruta Samhita and correlate with modern
technological steps of surgery.
Material and Methods:
All sorts of references has been collected and compiled from Ayurvedic classics and
commentaries like Sushruta Samhita, Dalhan tika etc. We have also referred modern text books of surgery like Bailey and Love, K. Das etc.and also searched various websites of surgery.
Observations:
By the study it elucidates this fact that Sushruta Samhita is a comprehensive treatise on the entire medical discipline with special attention to shalya and shalakya tantra. He had performed many surgeries covering all fields of surgiacal branches like general surgery, eye, ENT, obstetrics, urology, orthopaedics etc. Some examples of surgical techniques performed by him are narrated in brief here.
Discussion:
The surgical procedures given by Sushruta are in the basic form and still relevant to
modern counterpart. The various plasties are popular in these days also and advancement
in the methodology is based on Sushruta’s method. Sushruta knows every step of any
surgical techniques and his vision regarding every aspect was clear.
Conclusion:
The technique of various surgical procedures described in Sushruta Samhita is
eminently in line with technical abilities of time. The parasurgical procedures are gaining
popularity now a days. The need of hour to establish various superspecialties of Shalya
Tantra in order to bring back the glory which has lost decades ago. The technical
refinements of surgical skills are possible and it should be evolved.
References:
1.Sushruta Samhita, Nibandha Sangraha & commentary by Dalhan, Yadavji T,
Chaukhmaba Sanskrit Samsthan.
2.Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery, 25th edition, Norman S.Williams etc.
3.Internet websites.
Author: Dr.Shital D.Londhe (PG Scholar Shalya Tantra)
Guide: Prof. Dr. T. Srinivas (MD Shalya Tantra)
Yashwant Ayurvedic College,PGT & RC, Kodoli.
Introduction:
Ayurveda is the ancient system of medicine which originated thousands of years back, is the only discipline that promises to be fully secular and contains clear potential of modern
understanding of natural science. Ayurveda is considered to be the first medical record of ancient knowledge and civilization in the world. Ayurveda specialized into 8 branches, out of which shalya tantra represents surgical treatment. The Sushruta Samhita is an ayurvedic text by legendary Sushruta foundational to ayurvedic medicine, with innovative chapters mainly on surgery. Sushruta was primarily a surgeon and recognized as the ‘Father of Surgery’ in the world. He mentioned various surgical procedures, out of which some examples of surgical techniques performed by him are narrated in brief here.
Aim:
To review the various surgical concepts of Sushruta Samhita and correlate with modern
technological steps of surgery.
Material and Methods:
All sorts of references has been collected and compiled from Ayurvedic classics and
commentaries like Sushruta Samhita, Dalhan tika etc. We have also referred modern text books of surgery like Bailey and Love, K. Das etc.and also searched various websites of surgery.
Observations:
By the study it elucidates this fact that Sushruta Samhita is a comprehensive treatise on the entire medical discipline with special attention to shalya and shalakya tantra. He had performed many surgeries covering all fields of surgiacal branches like general surgery, eye, ENT, obstetrics, urology, orthopaedics etc. Some examples of surgical techniques performed by him are narrated in brief here.
- Ashtavidha Shastrakarma (Basic surgical procedures):
- Nasa Sandhana (Rhinoplasty):This is reconstructive surgery of nose first mentioned by Sushruta and established as a milestone in the field of plastic surgery.
- Karna Sandhana (Lobuloplasty): Reconstructive surgeries of ear lobule in the various defects either caused by congenital or traumatic reasons.15 techniques of repair of torn ear lobules (lobuloplasty) had been given by Sushruta.
- Ostha Sandhana (Repair of hare lip):The description of repair of deformed lip is given in the same chapter as such as given for nasa sandhana.
- Karna vedhana (Ear puncture): The piercing of children ear lobe with a needle or awl on an auspicious day and time with hymn is known as karna vedhana samskar. (custom).
- Anorectal surgerical techniques: Different types of incisions to remove fistulous tract as Langalaka (T shaped), Ardhalangalak (L shaped), Sarvatobhadrak (circular), Gotirthak (half moon), Kharjurpatrak (serrated).
- Urological techniques: Varieties of stones and method of extraction (by perineal lithotomy) and operative complications were given in detail. Post operative wound management may be the first reference of surgical management of calculus in history of surgery.
- GIT procedures: Intestinal sutures for Baddhagudodara, chhidrodara (perforated intestines), injuries to ashaya(abdomen) are also described along their management.
- Asthisandhi bhagna chikitsa (Management of fracture/displacement of bones & joints): He classifies and gives 6 types of dislocations and 12 varieties of fractures. He gives principles of fracture treatment i.e. traction, manipulation, stabilization. Same method is still practiced in modern orthopedics.
- Parasurgical procedures: Kshara, agni and jalauka are used as para surgical procedures in ayurvedic surgical science for various ailments. Mainly for musculoskeletal disorders, several forms of thermal cauterization by agni karma is advocated. Kshara (caustic alkali) used to stop bleeding, healing of an ulcer, necrose the haemorrhoids, cutting the fistula tract.
Discussion:
The surgical procedures given by Sushruta are in the basic form and still relevant to
modern counterpart. The various plasties are popular in these days also and advancement
in the methodology is based on Sushruta’s method. Sushruta knows every step of any
surgical techniques and his vision regarding every aspect was clear.
Conclusion:
The technique of various surgical procedures described in Sushruta Samhita is
eminently in line with technical abilities of time. The parasurgical procedures are gaining
popularity now a days. The need of hour to establish various superspecialties of Shalya
Tantra in order to bring back the glory which has lost decades ago. The technical
refinements of surgical skills are possible and it should be evolved.
References:
1.Sushruta Samhita, Nibandha Sangraha & commentary by Dalhan, Yadavji T,
Chaukhmaba Sanskrit Samsthan.
2.Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery, 25th edition, Norman S.Williams etc.
3.Internet websites.
Author: Dr.Shital D.Londhe (PG Scholar Shalya Tantra)
Guide: Prof. Dr. T. Srinivas (MD Shalya Tantra)
Yashwant Ayurvedic College,PGT & RC, Kodoli.
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